Abin da za ku koya daga wannan labarin:aikin silinda na birki na musamman da kuma canjin matsin lamba × girma bisa ga SAE J1601, madaurin GVWR guda 7 tare da diamita mai dacewa daga 3.5T zuwa 40T, abubuwan da ke haifar da jin motsin ƙafa 4 fiye da diamita na ramin da ke ƙayyade jin daɗin direba da aminci, kurakurai 5 da manyan motocin OEM ke yi akai-akai lokacin da suke auna silinda na musamman, buƙatun tayin 6 don ƙayyade diamita na ramin silinda na musamman a cikin siyan OEM, shawarar silinda na musamman da na da'ira biyu bisa ga ECE R13-H §5.2.1, da kuma tambayoyi 6 da aka fi yawan yi game da girman silinda na musamman na birki. Idan kuna kimantawaZaɓin diamita na silinda na birki na babban birkiDon layin babbar motar OEM a cikin kewayon 7T-40T GVWR, wannan shine ma'aunin injiniya don yanke shawara kan girman.
Bayanin buɗewa na gaskiya daga ƙungiyar injiniya ta Shaoxing Fangjie:Shawarar girman silinda na birki ita ce kuskuren injiniya da aka fi gani a cikin kera manyan motocin OEM. Ƙananan ramuka suna haifar da rashin bin ƙa'idodin ECE R13-H da kuma sake kiran gaggawa; manyan ramuka suna haifar da koke-koken direbobi game da jin daɗin pedal mai laushi da tsawaita bugun jini. Dole ne a yanke shawara bisa ga ƙungiyar GVWR, ba bisa ga fifikon jiragen ruwa ko kuma bisa ga inganta farashi ba. Muna ƙera manyan silinda a wurin Shaoxing ɗinmu tare da diamita na ramuka daga 3/4" zuwa 1-1/4" wanda ke rufe dukkan kewayon motocin GVWR, kuma muna raba wannan jagorar girman a bayyane saboda muna son abokan cinikin OEM ɗinmu su yanke shawara mai kyau a karo na farko - ba don gano kuskuren a gwajin amincewa da nau'in ba. Abin da ke biyo baya shine bayanin injiniya da muke rabawa tare da ƙungiyoyin injiniyan OEM na manyan motoci na Turkiyya, Indiya, Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya, da China lokacin da suka tambayi "wane diamita na ramuka nake buƙata don motar tan 7 / tan 12 / tan 18 / tan 26?"
Ƙungiyarmu tana samar da kayan aikin tsarin birki na manyan motoci ga masu rarrabawa na Turai, Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya, da Gabas ta Tsakiya tsawon shekaru 20+ tun daga 2003. Muna aiki kowace rana tare da ma'aikata sama da 100 da ƙungiyar 'yan kasuwa ta ƙasashen waje masu mutum 10 don kera injinan birki, masu daidaita lack, bawuloli na solenoid, da ɗakunan birki. A cikin shekaru 5 da suka gabata, mun samar da injinan silinda na manyan motoci ga layukan manyan motoci na OEM guda 12 a Turkiyya, Indiya, Vietnam, da Gabas ta Tsakiya, kuma shawarar girman silinda ta kasance mafi yawan buƙatun shawarwari na fasaha daga waɗannan abokan ciniki. Wannan labarin shine ambaton filin da aka samo asali daga waɗannan ayyukan OEM guda 12.
1. Lokacin da babbar motar OEM mai nauyin tan 7 ta Turkiyya ta gaza bin ƙa'idodin ECE R13-H ga ƙananan ramuka
An yi gwajin amincewa da nau'in ECE R13-H a UTAC France (hukumar amincewa da nau'in Faransa) a watan Oktoban 2024. Gwajin ya haɗa da gwajin ingancin birki mai sanyi (ECE R13-H §5.2.2.5) a yanayin zafi na -10°C da gwajin ingancin birki mai zafi (ECE R13-H §5.2.2.6) bayan birki mai faduwa. Gwajin sanyi ya gaza: babban silinda bai iya kawar da isasshen ruwan birki don kunna dukkan silinda masu ƙafa 4 a cikin ƙayyadadden iyakar bugun feda na 75% na matsakaicin tafiyar feda ba. Matsin lamba a kan layin da ke tafiya a kan 75% na tafiya a kan pedala ya kasance sandar 65, wanda ke ƙasa da mafi ƙarancin sandar 80 da ake buƙata don gwajin sanyi. Gwajin zafi ya gaza haka nan: bayan birki mai faduwa, zafin ruwan birki ya kai 120°C kuma matsin lamba a kan layi ya ragu zuwa sandar 55 saboda raguwar dankowar ruwa.
Tushen abin da ya jawo hakan shine ramin da bai kai girman inci 5/8 ba. ramin da aka yi da inci 5/8 yana samar da yankin piston 0.307 in² (198 mm²) kawai, wanda a kilogiram 7,200 na GVWR yana samar da isasshen canjin ruwa a kowace bugun feda. ramin da aka yi da inci 7/8 (wanda shine girman da ya dace da 7T-12T GVWR a kowace SAE J1601) yana samar da yankin piston 0.601 in² (388 mm²), wanda shine kashi 96% na yankin piston kuma zai iya maye gurbin kashi 96% na ruwa a kowace bugun feda. Ƙungiyar injiniyan OEM ba ta sabunta diamita na ramin ba lokacin da suka ƙara GVWR daga 5T zuwa 7T, bisa ga zato cewa "babban motar, tsarin birki iri ɗaya" zai yi aiki. Zato ba daidai ba ne.
Gyaran shine: (1) maye gurbin silinda mai girman 5/8″ da silinda mai girman 7/8″ (Shaoxing Fangjie ya samar da raka'a 500 na silinda mai girman 7/8″ cikin makonni 4), (2) sabunta takardar bayanin silinda mai girman 7/8″ na OEM don yin nuni ga SAE J1601 don zaɓin diamita na silinda a kowace silinda ta GVWR, (3) sake gabatar da gwajin amincewa da nau'in ECE R13-H tare da sabon silinda mai girman 8, wanda aka zartar a watan Janairun 2025. Jimlar kuɗin gyaran shine kimanin EUR 28,000 gami da maye gurbin silinda mai girman 8, kuɗin sake gwaji, da kuma jinkirin aikin na tsawon watanni 3. Darasin, a cikin kalmomin babban injiniyan OEM na Turkiyya: "ba za mu sake ɗaukar 'babban motar, tsarin birki iri ɗaya ba'. Dole ne a auna diamita na silinda bisa ga silinda ta GVWR, kuma jagororin SAE J1601 sune ma'aunin injiniya."
Dalilin da ya sa ƙungiyarmu ke raba wannan binciken shi ne cewa kuskuren OEM na Turkiyya ba shi da wani abu na musamman. Muna ganin wannan tsari yana maimaitawa a duk faɗin samar da manyan motoci na OEM a duk duniya - an zaɓi diamita na ramin bisa ga samfurin da ya gabata maimakon GVWR na yanzu, kuma ƙaramin ramin ya gaza gwajin amincewa da nau'in. An yi bayani dalla-dalla kan madaukai 7 na GVWR, matrix na yanke shawara na diamita na ramin, da buƙatun tayin 6 a ƙasa don taimakawa ƙungiyoyin injiniyan OEM su guji wannan kuskuren.
2. Aikin Silinda na Babbar Birki: Matsi × Canjin Girman Juyawa Ga SAE J1601
Silinda ta musamman ta birki janareta ce ta hydraulic wadda ke canza ƙarfin injina daga fedar birki (wanda injin ƙarfafawa ke taimakawa) zuwa matsin lamba na hydraulic wanda ke kunna silinda ko calipers na ƙafafun. Ma'aunin SAE J1601 (Master Cylinder — Tsarin Birki na Hydraulic Vehicular) ya ƙayyade girma, aiki, da buƙatun dorewa ga silinda ta musamman da ake amfani da su a tsarin birki na hydraulic na abin hawa.
Aikin silinda na babban silinda yana ƙarƙashin ƙa'idodi guda 3 masu mahimmanci: (1) Daidaita matsin lamba - matsin lambar da silinda na babban silinda ke samarwa daidai yake da ƙarfin feda da yankin piston, wanda aka ninka shi da rabon ƙarfafawa da rabon feda, (2) Matsar da girma - girman ruwan birki da silinda na babban silinda ke motsawa a kowace bugun feda daidai yake da yankin piston sau bugun piston, (3) Dokar Pascal - matsin lambar da aka samu a silinda na babban silinda daidai yake da matsin lamba a silinda na ƙafafun (idan aka yi la'akari da rashin asarar matsin lamba a layukan birki), ban da ƙaramin asarar matsin lamba daga gogayya da ƙuntatawa na daidaitawa (yawanci asarar matsin lamba 2-5%).
Matsakaici tsakanin matsi × girma shine babban shawarar injiniya: (1) Girman diamita na rami = ƙarin yankin piston = ƙarin matsar ruwa a kowace bugun feda = ƙarancin bugun feda da ake buƙata don motsi na piston caliper iri ɗaya, (2) Girman diamita na rami shima = ƙarin yankin piston = ƙarancin matsin lamba da aka samar a kowace ƙarfin feda = jin daɗin pedala mai laushi da ƙarfin feda mafi girma da ake buƙata. Tasirin guda biyu suna aiki a akasin haka: tasirin ƙara yana fifita babban rami, amma tasirin matsin lamba yana fifita ƙaramin rami. Mafi kyawun rami shine wanda ke daidaita tasirin duka biyu don takamaiman GVWR, rabon pedala, da haɗin rabon booster.
Alaƙar lissafi ita ce: Ƙarfin Feda × Rabon Feda × Rabon Bugawa = Matsi Layi × Yankin Fiston × Ƙidayar Silinda ta Taya / Ingantaccen Ƙarfafawa. Ga tsarin birki na babbar mota mai ƙarfin inci 7 (rabon ƙarfafawa 4:1), rabon pedala 4:1, da silinda ta ƙafa 4 (ko pistons na caliper 4), alaƙar tana sauƙaƙawa zuwa: Ƙarfin Feda × 16 = Matsi Layi × Yankin Fiston. Ga ƙarfin feda na N 250 (ƙarfin ƙafar direba don birki mai dorewa) da sandar 80 (1,160 psi) matsin lamba na layin manufa, yankin piston da ake buƙata shine: sandar 250 N × 16 / 80 = sandar 50 mm² kowace ƙafa, ko jimillar 200 mm² ga ƙafafun 4. Diamita mai dacewa da ramin shine murabba'i (200 mm² / π × 4) ≈ 16 mm, wanda ya yi ƙanƙanta sosai. Abin da ke gyara shi ne cewa kowace silinda/caliper tayoyin yawanci tana da pistons guda biyu (ko babban piston ɗaya), don haka lissafin yana buƙatar yin la'akari da adadin silinda tayoyin. Lissafin da aka gyara yana samar da kewayon rijiyoyin 7/8″ zuwa 1-1/4″ don kewayon 7T-40T GVWR. An ba da ainihin zaɓin rijiyoyin ga kowane GVWR a cikin matrix na yanke shawara na rukuni 7 da ke ƙasa.
3. Ma'aunin yanke shawara na diamita na Bore: Madaukai 7 na GVWR daga 3.5T zuwa 40T
| # | Ƙungiyar GVWR | Diamita na Bore (inci / mm) —ta SAE J1601 | Yankin Piston | Nau'in Abin Hawa na Yau da Kullum |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3.5T-7.5T | 3/4" (19.05 mm) | 0.442 in² (285 mm²) | Manyan motoci masu sauƙi, ƙananan motocin haya, motocin kasuwanci masu sauƙi |
| 2 | 7.5T-12T | 7/8" (22.2 mm) | 0.601 in² (388 mm²) | Manyan motoci masu matsakaicin girma (Isuzu NPR, Hyundai Mighty, Fuso Canter) |
| 3 | 12T-18T | 1" (25.4 mm) | 0.785 in² (507 mm²) | Manyan motoci (rarraba matsakaici) |
| 4 | 18T-26T | 1-1/8" (28.6 mm) | 0.994 in² (641 mm²) | Manyan motoci (jigilar kaya a yanki, gini) |
| 5 | 26T-40T | 1-1/4" (31.75 mm) | 1.227 in² (792 mm²) | Manyan motoci (masu jigilar kaya na dogon lokaci, hakar ma'adinai) |
| 6 | 40T-60T | 1-3/8" (34.9 mm) | 1.485 in² (958 mm²) | Manyan motoci + tireloli (B-biyu, jirgin ƙasa na hanya) |
| 7 | 60T+ | 1-1/2" (38.1 mm) ko mafi girma | 1.767 in² (1140 mm²) | Motocin haƙar ma'adinai na musamman |
Maƙallan GVWR guda 7 sun yi daidai da rarrabuwar ababen hawa na yau da kullun a kasuwannin manyan motoci na Turai, Arewacin Amurka, da Asiya. Zaɓin diamita na rami a cikin kowane madauri ya dogara ne akan: (1) isasshen canjin ruwa don ingancin birki mai sanyi bisa ga ECE R13-H §5.2.2.5, (2) isasshen matsin lamba don ingancin birki mai zafi bisa ga ECE R13-H §5.2.2.6 bayan birki mai faɗuwa, (3) ƙarfin feda a cikin kewayon N 200-350 don birki mai dorewa (jin daɗin direba), (4) bugun feda a cikin 75% na matsakaicin iyakar tafiya na pedala bisa ga ECE R13-H §5.2.1.5 (biyayya). Dole ne a cika buƙatun guda 4 a lokaci guda; an zaɓi diamita na ramin don daidaita duk buƙatun guda 4.
Ga samar da manyan motocin OEM, mafi yawan nau'ikan GVWR sune #2 (7.5T-12T) da #3 (12T-18T), waɗanda suka yi daidai da nau'ikan manyan motocin kasuwanci masu haske da matsakaici. Shaoxing Fangjie yana samar da manyan silinda na bore 7/8″ (band #2) da kuma manyan silinda na bore 1″ (band #3) a matsayin manyan SKU guda biyu a cikin layin samfuran silinda na mu. Ana samar da silinda na bore 1-1/8″ (band #4) don aikace-aikacen jigilar kaya na yanki da motocin gini masu nauyi, kuma ana samar da silinda na bore 1-1/4″ (band #5) don aikace-aikacen dogon zango da haƙa ma'adinai.
4. Abubuwan Jin Feda 4Bayan Diamita na Bore
Jin motsin birki - yadda motar birki ke ji ga direba a lokacin birki na yau da kullun da na gaggawa - yana da alaƙa da abubuwa 4 fiye da diamita na ramin. Jin motsin birki yana da mahimmanci don karɓar direba da kuma don aminci (jin motsin birki mai laushi na iya sa direbobi su yi amfani da birki ba tare da wata matsala ba, wanda ke rage tasirin birki a cikin motocin da ke da kayan ABS).
| # | Faɗakar Ji na Feda | Nisa | Tasiri akan Feda Ji | Bayanin OEM |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rabon feda | 3:1 zuwa 6:1 | Babban rabo = ƙarancin ƙarfin feda amma ƙarin bugun feda | Matsakaicin 4:1 don aikace-aikacen manyan motoci |
| 2 | Girman ƙara girma | Diamita daga 7 zuwa 11" | Babban mai ƙara girma = ƙarin rabon haɓakawa = ƙarancin ƙarfin feda | Inci 7-9 don manyan motoci, inci 9-11 don manyan motoci |
| 3 | Tsawon sandar turawa | 50-150 mm | Dogon sandar turawa = ƙarin bugun feda yana samuwa | Daidaita da rabon pedal da bugun booster |
| 4 | Kusurwar maƙallin turawa | 0-15° | Babban kusurwa = ƙarin ƙarfin feda da aka rasa ga kayan gefe | A ajiye ƙasa da digiri 5 don jin daɗi mafi kyau |
Abubuwan jin motsin ƙafa 4 suna hulɗa da diamita na rami don tantance ji na tsarin birki gaba ɗaya. Hulɗar ita ce: (1) Rabon pedal da diamita na rami tare suna ƙayyade alaƙar ƙarfin fedal da matsin lamba na layi - babban rabon pedal zai iya rama babban rami don kiyaye ƙarfin fedal iri ɗaya, amma a farashin bugun fedal mai tsawo, (2) Girman ƙara girma da diamita na rami tare suna ƙayyade rabon ƙarfafawa da alaƙar yankin piston - babban ƙara girma zai iya rama babban rami, amma a farashin ƙarin amfani da iska mai ƙarfafawa da amsawar ƙara mai jinkirin, (3) Tsawon rod da rabon pedal tare suna ƙayyade alaƙar bugun fedal da babban silinda - dole ne sandar turawa ta kasance mai tsayi don ba da damar bugun piston na silinda cikakke a cikakken tafiya na pedal, (4) Kusurwar turawa tana shafar nauyin gefe akan piston na silinda na babban, wanda zai iya haifar da lalacewa da wuri idan kusurwar ta yi girma sosai. Dole ne injiniyan tsarin birki na OEM ya daidaita hulɗar guda 4 a lokacin lokacin haɗa abin hawa.
Kuskuren OEM da aka fi sani a cikin abubuwa 4 shine rashin daidaita girman ƙarfafawa da diamita na ramin. Mai ƙara girman inci 7 (rabo mai ƙara girman 4:1) ya dace da silinda na ramin 7/8" (band #2), amma bai isa ga silinda na ramin 1-1/8" ko 1-1/4" ba (band #4 da #5). Girman ƙara girman manyan motoci ya kamata ya zama diamita 9-11" (rabo mai ƙara girman 5-7:1) don rama girman diamita na ramin. OEM ya kamata ya ƙayyade girman ƙara girman diamita na ramin da GVWR, ba bisa ga girman injin ko sararin taksi ba.
5. Kurakurai 5 da Manyan Motoci na OEM ke Yi Lokacin Girman Babban Silinda{}
| # | Kuskure | Sakamako | Gyara |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Amfani da diamita na ramin da aka yi amfani da shi a baya don GVWR mafi girma | Gwajin ingancin birki mai sanyi/zafi na ECE R13-H ya gaza | Girman diamita na ramin rami a kowace matrix mai lamba 7 na SAE J1601; sake gwadawa a izinin amincewa da nau'in |
| 2 | Amfani da silinda mai kama da da'ira ɗaya sama da 3.5T GVWR | Ya gaza buƙatar ECE R13-H §5.2.1 na da'irori biyu | Yi amfani da silinda mai kama da tandem mai da'ira biyu bisa ga ECE R13-H §5.2.1 |
| 3 | Daidaita girman ƙara girma da diamita na ramin | Jin daɗin pedal mai laushi; ƙarfin fedal mai yawa; korafe-korafen direba | Daidaita girman ƙara girma da diamita na ramin (Mai ƙara girman inci 7-9 don ramin inci 7/8; Mai ƙara girman 9-11″ don ƙwanƙwasa 1″+) |
| 4 | Amfani da ruwan birki na DOT 3 don manyan motocin hawa | Ruwan birki yana tafasa a cikin yanayi mai tsanani (tukin dutse, yanayi mai zafi) | Yi amfani da ruwan birki na DOT 4 (ko DOT 5.1) don manyan motoci; wanke bayan kowace shekara 2. |
| 5 | Ba a ƙayyade hatimin EPDM da aka ƙididdige don DOT 4 / DOT 5.1 ba | Rufewa ko raguwa da ruwa na DOT 4 / DOT 5.1; gazawar hatimi | A ƙayyade hatimin EPDM tare da daidaito a bayyane ga DOT 3, DOT 4, DOT 5.1 (ma'aunin Shaoxing Fangjie) |
Kurakuran 5 sun samo asali ne daga ƙwarewarmu ta tallafin abokin ciniki na OEM na shekaru 20+ da kuma gazawar gwajin amincewa da nau'in ECE R13-H da muka gani a duk faɗin abokan cinikinmu na OEM. Kuskuren da aka fi sani shine #1 (ta amfani da diamita na ramin samfurin da ya gabata), wanda ya haifar da nazarin shari'ar OEM na Turkiyya a sashe na 1. Duk kurakuran 5 za a iya guje musu ta hanyar bin matrix na SAE J1601 7-band da buƙatun tayin 6 a sashe na gaba.
6. Yadda Ake Ƙayyade Diamita na Bore na Silinda na Babban Silinda a cikin Tayin OEM:Bukatu 6
Lokacin da ake ƙayyade diamita na silinda mai girma a cikin tayin samar da manyan motoci na OEM (don haɓaka sabbin samfuran manyan motoci ko don maye gurbin jiragen bayan kasuwa), haɗa da buƙatu 6 a cikin ƙayyadaddun tayin:
- Bayanin madaurin GVWR— ƙayyade kewayon GVWR da aka yi niyya (misali, kilogiram 7,200, ko kilogiram 7,200-8,500 don kewayon samfuri). Ƙungiyar GVWR tana ƙayyade diamita na rami bisa ga matrix mai lamba 7 na SAE J1601.
- Diamita na huda— ƙayyade diamita na rami a inci ko mm (misali, 7/8" ko 22.2 mm). A ƙayyade haƙuri (±0.05 mm na yau da kullun) da kuma ƙarshen saman (Ra 0.4 μm na yau da kullun).
- Yarjejeniyar ECE R13-H— buƙatar mai samar da kaya ya samar da takaddun amincewa da nau'in ECE R13-H, gami da rahoton gwaji daga hukumar amincewa da nau'in EU. Rahoton gwajin dole ne ya ƙunshi diyya ta lalacewa ta §5.2.1.5, ingancin birki mai sanyi na §5.2.2.5, da kuma ingancin birki mai zafi na §5.2.2.6.
- Tsarin da'ira biyu— ga ababen hawa sama da 3.5T GVWR, a ƙayyade silinda mai girma ta tandem mai zagaye biyu tare da raba diagonal (gaba-hagu + baya-dama akan da'ira 1, gaba-dama + baya-hagu akan da'ira 2). A ƙayyade diamita na piston na farko da na sakandare (yawanci diamita ɗaya ne ga tandem).
- Daidaiton hatimi da ruwan birki— ƙayyade hatimin EPDM tare da daidaito a bayyane ga ruwan birki na DOT 3, DOT 4, da DOT 5.1 bisa ga SAE J1703 / FMVSS 116 / ISO 4925. Faɗi ruwan cika masana'anta (yawanci DOT 4 don manyan motoci).
- Takaddun shaida na tsarin inganci- buƙatar takardar shaidar ISO 9001:2015 daga mai samar da kayayyaki, tare da ingantaccen tsarin sarrafawa (yawanci injin CNC na ramin silinda + haɗa hatimin atomatik + gwajin matsin lamba na na'urar da aka haɗa).
Ana iya samo waɗannan buƙatun guda 6 daga kowace ingancin OEM.babban silinda kamaMai samar da kayayyaki wanda ya cika ƙa'idodin amincewa da nau'in manyan motoci na Turai. Shaoxing Fangjie Auto Accessory Co., Ltd. tana ba da duk buƙatu 6 a cikin amsar tayinmu na yau da kullun, tare da isarwa cikin kwanaki 10-15 don diamita na ramuka na kaya (7/8″, 1″, 1-1/8″) da kuma kwanaki 30-45 don diamita na ramuka na musamman.
7. Silinda Mai Amfani da Hannu da Biyu: Lokacin da Kowanne Yake Bukatar ECE R13-H
An ƙayyade shawarar silinda mai amfani da hannu idan aka kwatanta da ta ECE R13-H §5.2.1: duk motocin da ke sama da 3.5T GVWR (rukuni N2, N3, M2, M3) tare da tsarin birki na hydraulic dole ne su yi amfani da silinda mai amfani da da'ira biyu. Shawarar da za a yanke a kowace nau'in abin hawa ita ce:
| Nau'in Abin Hawa | Nisan GVWR | Nau'in Silinda Mai Girma | Tushen ECE R13-H |
|---|---|---|---|
| M1 (motocin fasinjoji) | Ƙasa da Titin 3.5 | Da'irori biyu (ana buƙatar tun 1968) | ECE R13-H §5.2.1 |
| N1 (kasuwanci mai sauƙi) | Ƙasa da Titin 3.5 | Da'irori biyu (ana buƙata) | ECE R13-H §5.2.1 |
| M2 (ƙananan bas) | 3.5T-5T | Da'irori biyu (ana buƙata) | ECE R13-H §5.2.1 |
| N2 (manyan motoci masu matsakaicin girma) | 3.5T-12T | Da'irori biyu (ana buƙata) | ECE R13-H §5.2.1 |
| M3 (manyan bas) | Sama da 5T | Da'irori biyu (ana buƙata) | ECE R13-H §5.2.1 |
| N3 (manyan motoci masu nauyi) | Sama da 12T | Da'irori biyu (ana buƙata) | ECE R13-H §5.2.1 |
A aikace, silinda mai sarrafa ...
Rabawar diagonal (gaba-hagu + baya-dama akan da'ira ta 1, gaba-dama + baya-hagu akan da'ira ta 2) ita ce tsarin da'ira biyu da aka fi amfani da su domin tana samar da birki mai daidaito a ɓangarorin biyu na abin hawa idan ɗayan da'irar ya gaza. Rabawar gaba-baya (da'irar gaba + da'irar baya) ba ta zama ruwan dare ba a aikace-aikacen motocin zamani saboda tana samar da birki 70-80% akan ƙafafun gaba idan da'irar baya ta gaza, amma birki 20-30% ne kawai idan da'irar gaba ta gaza (tunda yawancin ƙarfin birki yana kan ƙafafun gaba). Rabawar diagonal ita ce tsarin da muke bayarwa a matsayin mizani ga manyan silinda, amma kuma za mu iya samar da saitunan raba gaba-baya akan buƙata ga abokan cinikin OEM tare da takamaiman buƙatun ƙira.
8. Tambayoyi da Amsoshi: Tambayoyi 6 Game da Girman Silinda na Babban Birki
T1: Wane diamita na rami ya kamata silinda mai girman tan 7 na babbar motar lantarki ya yi amfani da shi?
Motar lantarki mai nauyin tan 7 (GVWR 6,000-8,500 kg) ya kamata ta yi amfani da silinda mai girman inci 7/8 (22.2 mm) bisa ga jagororin girman SAE J1601. Bore mai inci 7/8 shine ma'aunin manyan motocin kasuwanci masu sauƙi kuma ya dace da daidaitattun servos na injin buster mai ƙarfin inci 7-9 da tsarin hydraulic mai zagaye ɗaya ko mai zagaye biyu. Bore mai inci 7/8 yana ba da yankin piston mai girman inci 0.387 in² (250 mm²) wanda ke samar da matsakaicin matsin lamba na layi na kusan 1,000-1,200 psi (70-85 bar) a ƙarfin pedal na N 250-300 tare da booster mai inci 7. Ga manyan motocin tan 7, ana tabbatar da bore mai inci 7/8 ta hanyar gwajin bin ƙa'idodin ECE R13-H tare da gwajin fade na birki mai sanyi da zafi. Kamfanin Shaoxing Fangjie Auto Accessory Co., Ltd. yana samar da silinda mai girman inci 7/8 tare da gidaje masu inganci na aluminum da kuma hatimin EPDM da aka kimanta don ruwan birki na DOT 3, DOT 4, da DOT 5.1.
Q2: Menene bambanci tsakanin silinda mai sarrafa birki mai amfani da hannu da kuma silinda mai sarrafawa biyu?
Bambanci tsakanin silinda na birki na hannu da na da'ira biyu shine: (1) Silinda na hannu (da'ira ɗaya) na hannu - yana da piston ɗaya da kuma da'irar hydraulic ɗaya; idan da'irar ta gaza, duk birki ya ɓace. Yawanci ana amfani da silinda na hannu na da'ira ɗaya ne kawai akan motocin da ba su da ƙarfin 3.5T GVWR (motocin fasinja, motocin haske, manyan motoci masu sauƙi) kuma galibi ba su da amfani a aikace-aikacen motocin zamani saboda ƙa'idodin aminci. (2) Silinda na hannu na hannu na biyu (tandem) - yana da pistons biyu a jere da da'irar hydraulic guda biyu masu zaman kansu (yawanci raba diagonal: gaba-hagu + baya-dama akan da'ira 1, gaba-dama + baya-hagu akan da'ira 2). Idan da'ira ɗaya ta gaza, ɗayan da'irar har yanzu tana ba da kusan birki 50-60% akan sauran ƙafafun. ECE R13-H §5.2.1 yana buƙatar silinda na hannu na da'ira biyu ga duk motocin da ke sama da 3.5T GVWR (N2, N3, M2, M3 nau'ikan) da kuma ga duk motocin da ke da birki na hydraulic. (3) Ga aikace-aikacen motocin OEM sama da 3.5T GVWR, silinda na musamman na da'ira biyu wajibi ne. Tsarin raba diagonal shine mafi yawan lokuta, amma wasu OEMs suna amfani da raba gaba-baya (da'irar gaba + da'irar baya) wanda ke ba da birki 70-80% akan ƙafafun gaba idan da'irar baya ta gaza, ko akasin haka.
Q3: Zan iya amfani da babban silinda mai girman bore don samun ƙarin ƙarfin birki?
A'a, ba za ku iya amfani da babban silinda na bore don samun ƙarin ƙarfin birki ba saboda tsarin birki tsarin hydraulic ne mai rufewa tare da daidaiton matsin lamba. Alaƙar ita ce: Matsi = Ƙarfin Feda / (Yankin Bore × Ratio na Feda × Ratio na Booster). Babban silinda na bore yana buƙatar ƙarin ƙarfin feda don samar da matsin lamba iri ɗaya saboda ƙarfin feda iri ɗaya yana rarrabawa akan babban yankin piston. Musamman, ninka diamita na bore yana ninka yankin piston sau huɗu, wanda ke nufin ƙarfin feda dole ne ya ninka sau huɗu don samar da matsin lamba iri ɗaya. Misali, tafiya daga bore na inci 7/8 (yanki 0.60 in²) zuwa bore na inci 1 (yanki 0.79 in²) yana buƙatar ƙarin ƙarfin feda 31% don samar da matsin lamba iri ɗaya. Tasirin aiki na bore mafi girma shine: (1) ƙarancin matsin lamba na layin don ƙarfin feda iri ɗaya, (2) ƙarin matsi na ruwan birki a kowace bugun feda (wanda ke nufin tsawaita bugun feda don motsi na piston caliper iri ɗaya), (3) jin daɗin peda mai laushi. Tasirin guda 3 yawanci ba a so a cikin aikace-aikacen manyan motoci inda direbobi ke tsammanin jin ƙarfin feda mai ƙarfi da amsawa da sauri. Hanya mafi dacewa ita ce a auna girman ramin zuwa GVWR bisa ga SAE J1601, ba don girman ramin da ya wuce kima ba.
T4: Wane ruwan birki ya kamata in yi amfani da shi da babban silinda na?
Bayanin ruwan birki na babban silinda ya dogara da kayan hatimi da kuma yanayin zafin aiki. Takaddun shaida guda 3 na ruwan birki da aka saba amfani da su a kowace SAE J1703 / FMVSS 116 / ISO 4925 sune: (1) DOT 3 (bisa ga glycol-ether) - mafi ƙarancin wurin tafasa busasshe 205°C, mafi ƙarancin wurin tafasa busasshe 140°C; mai dacewa da EPDM da hatimin roba na halitta; ya dace da motocin kasuwanci masu sauƙi tare da matsakaicin aikin birki, (2) DOT 4 (bisa ga glycol-ether-borate) - mafi ƙarancin wurin tafasa busasshe 230°C, mafi ƙarancin wurin tafasa busasshe 155°C; ya dace da hatimin EPDM; ya dace da manyan motocin kasuwanci tare da babban aikin birki gami da manyan motoci sama da 12T GVWR, (3) DOT 5.1 (bisa ga glycol-ether-borate) - mafi ƙarancin wurin tafasa busasshe 260°C, mafi ƙarancin wurin tafasa busasshe 180°C; ya dace da hatimin EPDM; ya dace da manyan ayyuka da ayyuka masu tsanani gami da manyan motoci masu tsere da motocin soja. DOT 5 (wanda aka yi da silicone) BA ya dace da ruwan da aka yi da glycol ba kuma bai kamata a haɗa shi ba. Ga silinda na musamman na Shaoxing Fangjie, kayan hatimin da aka saba amfani da su shine EPDM wanda ya dace da DOT 3, DOT 4, da DOT 5.1. Cikawar masana'anta don samar da OEM yawanci DOT 4 ne don manyan aikace-aikacen motocin kasuwanci.
T5: Ta yaya zan magance matsalar fedar birki mai laushi a cikin babbar mota?
Feda mai laushi a cikin babbar mota na iya faruwa ta hanyarMatsaloli 7, an tsara shi ta mita: (1) Iska a cikin tsarin birki (wanda aka fi sani da shi) - zubar da jini a tsarin birki bisa ga tsarin OEM, yawanci farawa daga tayoyin da suka fi nisa da silinda na farko kuma suna aiki zuwa mafi kusa, (2) Rashin nasarar hatimin ciki na silinda na farko - hatimin kofi na farko ko na biyu ya lalace ko ya lalace, yana ba da damar ruwa ya wuce piston; maye gurbin silinda na farko, (3) Zubar da ruwan birki - duba duk layukan birki, calipers, silinda na ƙafafu, da jikin silinda na farko don ɓuɓɓugar ruwa; gyara ko maye gurbin kamar yadda ake buƙata, (4) Faɗaɗa bututun birki - bututun birki na roba suna da lalacewa ta ciki kuma suna faɗaɗa ƙarƙashin matsin lamba, suna ba da jin laushin pedal; maye gurbin bututun birki (yawanci kowane shekaru 4-6 ko 200,000-300,000 km), (5) Rashin nasarar buɗaɗɗewa - mai haɓaka injin ba ya samar da isasshen haɓakawa, yana buƙatar ƙarin ƙarfin pedal don samar da irin wannan matsin lamba; duba layin vacuum na buɗaɗɗewa, duba bawul, da diaphragm na buɗaɗɗewa; maye gurbin mai haɓaka idan ya cancanta, (6) Rashin nasarar hatimin piston na caliper - hatimin piston na caliper yana lalacewa, yana ba da damar ruwa ya wuce; sake ginawa ko maye gurbin caliper, (7) Bore na silinda mara kyau — bore ya yi girma sosai ga GVWR, yana ba da jin daɗin pedal mai laushi saboda ƙarancin matsin lamba na layi; tabbatar da diamita na bore bisa ga jagororin SAE J1601. Ya kamata a gano matsalolin 7 a cikin tsari da aka jera, tare da magance mafi yawan kuma mafi ƙarancin tsada (zubar da jini ta iska) da farko.
T6: Menene tazara tsakanin maye gurbin silinda na yau da kullun ga babbar motar kasuwanci?
Tazarar maye gurbin silinda ta yau da kullun ga babbar motar kasuwanci shine shekaru 5-8 ko kilomita 400,000-600,000, duk wanda ya zo da farko, a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na yau da kullun. Tazarar maye gurbin ana ƙayyade ta da abubuwa 3: (1) Rushewar hatimi na ciki - hatimin farko na kofin da kuma rufewar hatimin kofin na biyu a hankali tare da kowane amfani da birki; kayan hatimin (yawanci EPDM) yana da tsawon lokacin gajiya na kimanin shekaru 5-8Kekunan birki miliyan 2-3, wanda yayi daidai da shekaru 5-8 na aikin manyan motocin kasuwanci, (2) Gurɓatar ruwan birki - akan lokaci, ruwan birki yana shan danshi daga yanayi (ruwayen DOT 3/4/5.1 suna da hygroscopic), wanda ke rage wurin tafasa kuma yana hanzarta tsatsa ta ciki; ya kamata a wanke ruwan birki a maye gurbinsa duk bayan shekaru 2 ba tare da la'akari da yanayin silinda na farko ba, (3) Lalacewar ramin silinda - ramin ƙarfe na aluminum yana lalacewa a hankali daga motsin piston, musamman idan ruwan birki ya gurɓata ko kuma idan hatimin ya gaza; lalacewar rami sama da 0.05 mm (inci 0.002) yawanci yana buƙatar maye gurbin silinda na farko. Shaoxing Fangjie Auto Accessory Co., Ltd. yana kera silinda na farko tare da taurare aluminum alloy bore (maganin saman anodized) da hatimin EPDM da aka kimanta donKekunan birki miliyan 2-3Muna ba da shawarar maye gurbin rigakafi a alamar shekaru 5 / kilomita 400,000 ga manyan motoci da ke aiki a cikin yanayi mai tsanani (yawan birki mai yawa, ƙasa mai tsaunuka, da kuma yanayi mai zafi). Ga manyan motoci masu sauƙin aiki a cikin yanayi mai sauƙi, lokacin maye gurbin zai iya kaiwa shekaru 8 / kilomita 600,000.
Game da Marubucin
Ni ne Elian Zhou, Manajan Fitar da Kaya a Shaoxing Fangjie Auto Accessory Co., Ltd., wani kamfanin kera kayan aikin birki na manyan motoci wanda ke da ƙwarewar samar da OEM sama da shekaru 20 tun daga 2003. Ina zaune a Shaoxing, Zhejiang, ina aiki kowace rana tare da ma'aikata sama da 100 da ƙungiyar 'yan kasuwa ta ƙasashen waje guda 10 don samar da na'urorin birki, na'urorin daidaita lack, bawuloli na solenoid, da ɗakunan birki ga masu rarrabawa a duk faɗin Turai, Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya, da Gabas ta Tsakiya. Kullum ina ziyartar masana'antar kuma ina raba bayanai kan tsarin samarwa - daga haɗa na'urar daidaita lack ta atomatik zuwa injinan CNC na gidajen caliper - akan tashar YouTube ta:@ElianZhou-y6q4i.
Don cikakkun bayanai game da tayin OEM akan silinda na birki ko don neman takaddun bin ƙa'idodin ECE R13-H don ƙungiyar GVWR ta motar ku, ziyarci mubabban silinda kamaShafin samfur. Haɗa da ni aYouTubedon bidiyon tsarin samarwa wanda ya shafi injinan CNC na gidajen caliper da kuma babban silinda.
Lokacin Saƙo: Agusta-14-2026