TL;DR —Kamfanonin OEM na tirela na EU da masu samar da tsarin birki na matakin-1 suna buƙatar duk wani ɓangaren bawul ɗin birki da aka samo daga wajen Tarayyar Turai yana ɗauke da ingantaccen takardar shaidar ECE R13. ECE R13 ya ƙunshi buƙatun amincewa da tsarin birki ga motoci a yankin UNECE, gami da bawul ɗin birki na pneumatic, bawul ɗin solenoid, da bawul ɗin relay da ake amfani da su a cikin tsarin birkin iska na tirela. Tsarin takardar shaidar yana buƙatar mai ƙera ya wuce gwajin kayan aiki (gwajin fesa gishiri na ISO 9227 - mafi ƙarancin awanni 480 ga abubuwan da ke cikin iska), gwajin aiki (lokacin amsawa ƙasa da daƙiƙa 0.4 don bawul ɗin solenoid a sandar 8.5), da kuma bin diddigin tsari (COP) a wurin ta hanyar sabis na fasaha da UNECE ta ba da izini. Bawul ɗin birki ba tare da ingantaccen takardar shaidar ECE R13 ba doka ce a sanya shi a kan tirela da aka fara rajista a cikin ƙasashen membobin EU ko EEA ba. Wannan labarin ya ƙunshi buƙatun takardar shaida, tsarin gwaji, da abin da na koya daga wuce binciken ECE R13 don bawul ɗin solenoid da bawul ɗin birki da Fangjie ke bayarwa ga masana'antun tirela na Turai.

Masana'antar kera tireloli ta Turai ta fi mayar da hankali ne a Jamus (Schmitz Cargobull, Kögel), Poland (Wielton), da Netherlands (Burgers, Broshuis). Waɗannan OEMs suna haɗa kimanin tireloli 200,000 na semi-tireloli, tireloli na tsakiya, da tireloli na musamman a kowace shekara don kasuwar EU. Kowace ɓangaren birki mai iska da aka sanya a kan tirela - daga babban bawul ɗin birki zuwa ƙaramin bawul ɗin solenoid - dole ne ya ɗauki takardar shaidar ECE R13 don zama halal don amfani da shi akan tireloli da aka yi rijista a kowace ƙasa daga cikin ƙasashe 56 na kwangilar UNECE, gami da duk ƙasashe 27 na EU. Tirela OEM da ke shigo da bawul ɗin birki kai tsaye daga masana'antar China ba tare da takardar shaidar ECE R13 ba yana fallasa kansa ga haɗarin yin rijista - ba za a iya yin rijistar tirelar don amfani da hanya ba har sai an maye gurbin sassan birki da takaddun shaida.

Na kasance ina kula da tsarin ba da takardar shaida ga samfuran bawul ɗin birki na Fangjie tun daga 2018 kuma na wuce binciken ECE R13 don bawul ɗin solenoid, bawul ɗin relay, da ɗakunan birki. Wannan labarin ya ƙunshi abin da OEM na tirela na EU ke buƙatar tabbatarwa lokacin da suke neman bawul ɗin birki daga China. Don samfuran bawul ɗin birki ɗinmu, dubaShafin samfurin bawul ɗin birkiDomin wani takamaiman misali,Bawul ɗin solenoid na 1518103yana ɗaya daga cikin samfuranmu masu takardar shaidar ECE R13.

Abin da ECE R13 Ya Kunsa — Gwaje-gwaje da Gwaje-gwaje Masu Muhimmanci

ECE R13 ita ce ƙa'idar UNECE don tanadin daidaito game da amincewa da motoci dangane da birki. Dokar ta shafi dukkan tsarin birkin abin hawa, amma idan aka yi amfani da ita ga takardar shaidar matakin kayan aiki (a matsayin "sashen fasaha daban"), tana buƙatar mai ƙera bawul ɗin birki ya nuna bin ƙa'idodin aiki na musamman. Gwaje-gwaje guda biyar masu mahimmanci don ɓangaren bawul ɗin birki na iska a ƙarƙashin ECE R13 sune:

Bawul ɗin birki da ya wuce dukkan gwaje-gwaje biyar yana karɓar takardar shaidar amincewa ta nau'in ECE R13 da hukumar fasaha ta ba da izini daga UNECE. An buga lambar amincewa ko kuma an yi masa fenti da laser a jikin bawul ɗin (da'ira mai harafin "E" sannan lambar ƙasa - misali, E9 na Spain - da lambar amincewa). Takardar shaidar tana aiki ga duk na'urorin samarwa waɗanda suka dace da ƙirar da aka amince da ita kuma an ƙera su a ƙarƙashin tsarin inganci iri ɗaya.

Tsarin Takaddun Shaida - Abin da Mai Kaya na China Ya Kamata Ya Kammala

Tsarin ba da takardar shaida ta ECE R13 ga wani kamfanin kera bawul ɗin birki na ƙasar Sin yana bin tsari mai matakai uku. Mataki na 1: duba masana'anta ta farko ta hanyar hukumar fasaha. Sabis na fasaha wanda hukumar UNECE ta ba da izini (kamarTÜV Rheinland, DEKRA, ko IDIADA) yana aika mai duba zuwa masana'antar kera kayayyaki a China. Mai duba yana duba tsarin kula da inganci (ISO 9001 ko IATF 16949), takaddun shaidar gwajin kayan aiki, bayanan daidaita kayan aikin samarwa, da tsarin bin diddigin su. Wannan binciken yana kashe $3,000–$5,000 kuma yana ɗaukar kwanaki 2 a wurin.

Mataki na 2: gwajin samfurin a dakin gwaje-gwajen ma'aikatar fasaha. Mai ƙera zai aika samfuran samfurin bawul ɗin birki guda 12 don a ba su takardar shaida zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje. Dole ne samfuran su kasance daga tsarin samarwa na yau da kullun - samfuran samfuri da aka yi tare da ikon sarrafa haƙuri na musamman ba a karɓa ba. Dakin gwaje-gwajen yana gwada samfuran bisa ga buƙatun guda biyar da ke cikin teburin da ke sama. Kudin gwaji don samfurin bawul ɗin solenoid guda ɗaya shine $8,000–$15,000, ya danganta da adadin gwaje-gwajen da ake buƙata da kuma kuɗin sa'a na dakin gwaje-gwajen. Ayyukan fasaha kamar suATIC tana ba da sabis na birki na ECE R13 da amincewa da tirelawanda ya shafi cikakken tsarin aikace-aikacen zuwa takardar shaida ga masana'antun China. Gwajin yana ɗaukar watanni 3-4 don samfurin da ya wuce dukkan gwaje-gwaje a kan gabatarwar farko - ya fi tsayi idan gazawar gwaji yana buƙatar gyaran ƙira da sake zagayowar gwaji.

Mataki na 3: Binciken daidaiton samarwa (COP). Bayan an bayar da izinin nau'in, hukumar fasaha tana gudanar da binciken COP duk bayan watanni 12-24 don tabbatar da cewa sassan samarwa suna ci gaba da cika ƙa'idar ƙira da matakin inganci da aka amince da su. Binciken COP ya shafi irin wannan iyaka da binciken farko, tare da duba bayanan samarwa don tabbatar da cewa ba a yi canje-canjen ƙira ba tare da izini ba. Kudin binciken COP na shekara-shekara shine $2,000–$4,000 a kowane bincike. A Fangjie, mun ci gaba da tabbatar da takardar shaidar ECE R13 don bawuloli da bawuloli na relay tun daga 2019, tare da binciken COP na shekara-shekara waɗanda suka wuce ba tare da manyan rashin daidaito ba a cikin binciken 5 a jere.

Haɗin ABS/EBS — Gibin Takardu Na Yau Da Kullum

Kamfanin OEM na tirela na EU suna ƙara ƙayyade EBS (Tsarin Birki Mai Sarrafa Lantarki) ko aƙalla ABS (Tsarin Birki Mai Hana Kullewa) akan sabbin tireloli. Tsarin EBS yana amfani da bawuloli na solenoid azaman masu daidaita matsin lamba - EBS ECU yana nuna bawul ɗin solenoid don ƙara, riƙewa, ko rage matsin birki a cikin kowane ɗakin birki daban-daban yayin taron birki. Bawul ɗin solenoid don aikace-aikacen EBS ba wai kawai ya wuce gwaje-gwajen pneumatic na ECE R13 ba amma kuma dole ne ya wuce gwajin dacewa da lantarki (EMC) bisa ga ECE R10 - bawul ɗin ba zai fitar da tsangwama ta lantarki sama da iyaka ba kuma bai kamata ya lalace ba lokacin da aka fallasa shi ga filayen lantarki masu haskawa har zuwa 30 V/m a cikin kewayon mita 20 MHz zuwa 1,000 MHz.

Gibin takardu da na fi gani a cikin masu samar da bawul ɗin birki na ƙasar Sin waɗanda ke da'awar bin ƙa'idar ECE R13 shine suna da takardar shaidar amincewa da nau'in don aikin iska (lalata, zubewa, da gwaje-gwajen juriya) amma ba su da takaddun bin ƙa'idar ECE R10 EMC don da'irar lantarki ta bawul ɗin solenoid. Bawul ɗin solenoid wanda aka ba da takardar shaidar ECE R13 amma ba a ba da takardar shaidar R10 ba bisa doka ba ba za a iya sayar da shi bisa doka a matsayin bawul ɗin matsi na EBS don tirelar EU ba - takaddun amincewa da nau'in tirelar OEM (bisa ga amincewar nau'in abin hawa na EU ko WVTA) yana buƙatar takardar shaidar ECE R10 don kowane ɓangaren birki mai sarrafawa ta lantarki. Mafita ita ce a nemi cikakken kunshin takardar shaida (R13 + R10) daga mai samar da kayayyaki kafin a yi odar. A Fangjie, an haɗa takaddun shaida guda biyu a cikin takaddun bin ƙa'idar bawul ɗin solenoid ɗinmu.

Jerin Binciken Masu Kaya don OEMs na Tirelar EU

Don cikakken samfurin samfuran bawuloli na birki da bawuloli na solenoid da muke bayarwa tare da takardar shaidar ECE R13, dubaShafin samfurin bawul ɗin birkiGa sassan tsarin numfashi bayan bawuloli,Shafin samfurin ɗakin birkiya ƙunshi ɗakunan birki na bazara da ɗakunan birki na sabis waɗanda ke kammala tsarin birkin iska na tirela.

ECE R13 da Tsarin Ingancin ISO 9001 — Takardun da Binciken Yake Bukata

Binciken ECE R13 COP da binciken sa ido na ISO 9001 sun yi karo a sarari amma ba iri ɗaya ba ne. Mai binciken COP yana mai da hankali kan layin samar da bawul ɗin birki musamman - ba dukkan masana'anta ba. Takardun da mai binciken COP ya sake dubawa sune: jadawalin kwararar tsarin haɗa bawul ɗin birki (dole ne ya nuna kowace tashar haɗuwa da wurin dubawa), bayanan daidaita kayan aikin karfin juyi don sukurori na jikin bawul ɗin solenoid (dole ne a kunna sukurori na solenoid zuwa 8±0.5 Nm, kuma dole ne a daidaita makullin karfin juyi duk bayan watanni 3 tare da takardar shaidar daidaitawa da za a iya gano ta bisa ga ƙa'idar ƙasa), bayanan gwajin aiki na kowane bawul da aka samar (ma'aunin gwajin dole ne ya rubuta lokacin amsawa, zubewar ciki, da juriyar coil ga kowane raka'a, kuma dole ne a riƙe bayanan na tsawon shekaru 10 bisa ga ƙa'idar ECE R13), da kuma bayanan sarrafa kayan da ba su dace ba - duk wani bawul da ya gaza gwajin aiki dole ne a raba shi, a binciki tushen dalilin gazawar, kuma a rubuta aikin gyara.

A Fangjie, muna da fayil ɗin rikodin inganci daban don layin samarwa na ECE R13 wanda ba shi da alaƙa da tsarin sarrafa inganci na ISO 9001 gabaɗaya. Littafin jagorar ingancin layin ECE R13 yana tattara kowane gwajin zagayowar matsin lamba, kowane gwajin samfurin matsin lamba mai fashewa, da kowane binciken COP. Mai binciken ISO 9001 yana duba jimlar QMS amma baya duba bayanan ECE R13 na musamman - kuma akasin haka, mai binciken COP yana duba bayanan layin ECE R13 kawai. Ina ba da shawarar cewa manyan motocin tirela na EU su tambayi mai samar da su na China don sabon sashin rahoton binciken COP wanda ya shafi layin samar da bawul ɗin solenoid, musamman sashin rashin bin ƙa'ida - sifili manyan rashin bin ƙa'ida kuma ba fiye da ƙananan rashin bin ƙa'ida 2 ba a cikin binciken COP na ƙarshe shine ma'aunin karɓuwa da nake amfani da shi don ƙimar mai samar da kayayyaki na Fangjie na masu samar da kayan aikinmu na sama.

Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi